The War On Drugs And Drugs Essay - 972 Words

The war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) was formed. The funding for the war on drugs had greatly increased over the decades and has reached the record of an annual budget of $17.8 billion which occurred in 1998. Much of the budget is used to intervene drug flow on the U.S. border and for interdiction according to Cooper’s 1993 War on Drugs article. Some people agree that having more man power at the U.S. border will help eliminate the U.S. drug problem while others argue that even though having more people working the border increases drug seizures there are still drugs continuing to enter the United States. These may be the very people that believe in using the budget to provide more educational programs to the younger generation and having prevention programs will help those that may have become a drug user if not a addict. The last group of American do not believe either of those programs have worked in the past and will not work in the future. With those options gone the only thing left to do it to legalizeShow MoreRelatedThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe war on drugs is a long going battle and it has created many issues all around the world and as of today the highest prison population can be found in the United States due to drug charges. About half of the inmates with in federal and state prisons can be found on drug convictions. Those charges can range from possession of an illicit substance to drug trafficking that surprisingly continues to be an issue in federa l and state prisons. How can United States put an end to the war on drugs? Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Drug has been a serious issue in our society and criminal justice institutes due to many problems associated, including the violence, negative health benefits, social disorganization, and other negative consequences. The police agencies have adopted a policy called â€Å"The War on Drugs†, as a response to the rising drug problems. The War on Drugs has popularized variety policies and practices that significantly increased the overall number of drug arrests, and other drug related offenses(TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1199 Words   |  5 PagesThere was so much information on this topic of the War on Drugs that I am still wrapping my mind around it. It went into such detail about the war on drugs that are never talked about. We always hear â€Å"just say no.† I know that drugs are a very big problem in our society and even the whole world but I never knew to what extent it really was. I found it very interesting how Johann Hari interviewed these people who were in the middle of the drug war and their stories. It really opened my eyes to whatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs808 Words   |  4 PagesWhose interests are advanced by sustaining the war on drugs? Police seems to gain a lot by sustaining the â€Å"war on drug†. Drugs are a significant force in police deviance, with as many as half of all convictions in police corruption cases involving drug-related crimes. Corruption in law enforcement, courts, and corrections can be explained through egoism selfish desires for personal gain. In other cases, however, corruption might be better understood as stemming from socially hedonistic incentives;Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs2027 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased federal spending in an attempt to curb the number of drug users and the sale and importation of illicit narcotics the war on drugs began in earnest. The war on drugs has also played a major role in politics as well as having a significant impact on the economy. While there are many arguments in favor for the war on drugs and an equal number of arguments against it I will attempt to show an unbiased look at the war on drugs and drug prohibition and how it has affected society as a whole. SinceRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drugs1952 Words   |  8 PagesWar on Drugs The war on drugs has come a long way without any remarkable success. America has been dealing with the drug menace for many years to a point that four of its presidents have declared the war on drugs part of their main agenda. Sadly, it has been a lost war in various perspectives. Drug abuse continues to be a daily topic with drug abusers flooding not only the American society but also many countries’ hospitals, prisons and courts. The drug trade has continued to cause violent crimesRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesthe â€Å"War on Drugs† sought to control the sale and use of psychoactive drugs as well as promote access to treatment for those who abuse and misuse these substances (Bagley, 1988; Elkins, 1990). Policies implemented prohibited the possession and distribution of narcotics (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, heroin); the punitive policies, which often resulted in hefty fines and prison sentences for violators, ultimately prompted the emer gence of a black market, more potent and lethal drugs, synthetic drugs as wellRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drug Trafficking960 Words   |  4 Pagestrafficking, drug trafficking, and weapons trafficking. One of the most harmful organized crimes is drug trafficking. What makes drug trafficking organized is the system of production to distribution. Drug trafficking organizations have a hierarchy of power from the kingpins to the couriers. Drug also has political influence they are able to bribe and blackmail politicians. Trafficking drugs is a multi-billion-dollar business, and the United States is one of its largest markets. Drug trafficking is

Something That I Always Wanted To Do In High School Was

Something that I always wanted to do in high school was go to an old people’s home. It was something that I was always hastened about and would always make excuses not to go. Growing up for some reason I was always somewhat scared of old people, besides my grandparents of course. But other than that, my mom would tell me when I was little I always was afraid to talk to old people. All my friends in high school would tell me stories how it is a good experience and something that everyone should try. So, for this paper I decided to go outside my comfort zone and go to an old people’s home. Being that all my friends are in college, and everyone’s schedules are so busy, no one was able to come with me. So, going in I was a little nervous†¦show more content†¦Being somewhere out of my comfort zone impacted me in a very positive way. I look at older people very different now, then I did before this experience. Yes, some can still be very grumpy and mean, but I learned that not all of them. This experiences impacted me in a way that it breaks my heart that these older people are put in these homes, and don’t have family that are willing to take care of them. I didn’t travel too far for this, I live about 30 min away from school, So I went home for the weekend and went to one right in my town. In the beginning of this experience I would say I felt very uncomfortable. I was very nervous, especially because I was alone and didn’t know anyone. Thankful the group of high school girls were there and were very inviting. As the time went on and we got into our groups and played the games I got more comfortable and broke out of my shell. I didn’t speak to as many of the elders as I expected, but I learned a lot about Jim and was happy that he turned out to be my partner. In the beginning like I mentioned, I would say I was kind of hiding in the back, but as time went out and I got more comfortable, I then put away my sh yness and opened up. For someone to come from a different country to come to America all alone with no family or friends and to this experience would be similar for one aspect and could also be different in some ways. Similar because going into the old people’s home, I was all alone. But, differentShow MoreRelatedWorking With High School Students Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge for us but at the same time it can be an incredible amazing experience. I believe the types of clients that can be kind of difficult for me to work with are high school students. I believe working with high school students can be a challenge for me, because as we know during this stage High School students are dealing with their teenager’s year and entering the life cycle of a young adulthood. During High school, students also attempt to face different types of emotions, which can make itRead More The Greatest Motivational Factor in My Life Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal. It encourages one to do something or not to do something. It can bring about positive change or a negative reaction depending on the situation. Many things affect motivation such as, the environment, your family background, schools, the government, and many other stimuli. Probably the greatest motivational factor in my life is my mother. She has always encouraged me to complete my education, many times when I did not want to. I remember once when I was going to drop out of collegeRead MoreFear and Failure820 Words   |  4 Pagesfailure. I deeply believe in learning from failure can make you a stronger person; also the fear that comes with it, can be overcome as more risk are being taken. â€Å"Success is not about the achievement. Every time I step out into the unknown, win or lose, I succeed† (Milazzo ph11). When trying something new it has not always going to be a success. We humans learn from our mistakes and that is how we can become successful. When I was in high school and I had two things in mind on what I wantedRead MoreMy Guardian Angels Essay819 Words   |  4 Pagesbehaviorally, and socially. When they are too high, they build up pressure on the kids, sometimes leading them to feeling displeased with themselves and even to depression. When they are too low, this may lead to the children not achieving their full potential with the lack of encouragement and support. As for me, my parents’ expectations were always high, encouraging me to always do my best, supporting me in every aspect of my life, but with always meeting their expectations throughout the yearsRead MoreEvents That Can Shape And Mold An Individual953 Words   |  4 Pagesduring their life. I grew up believing I was not good in any school subjects until I entered college. It helped me become the person I am today. My generation was the first to attend school in the United States and even speak English; therefore, my parents had a hard time helping me with homework growing up. Family and school are some agents of socialization that affected my development in school the most. I grew up in a different environment than most people I talk to now. My parents do not speak anyRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Goals888 Words   |  4 PagesEver since I was young I always aspired to become more than I could ever imagine. I had drive and that helped me realize my goals early on in my education. I always dreamed of college and what it would be like. With the chance I could have followed in my older siblings and drop out of highschool I pushed through it to prove to my two younger siblings that bettering yourself is possible. Not only did I graduate from high school on time but I graduated with honors. I am the recipient of the McCoy MedalRead More Pressure Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesto do the wrong thing. Ive also been pressured by my peers to do positive things. Drs. George Jenkins, Sam Davis and Rameck Hunt, who are the authors of The Pact (with Lisa Frazier Page), have also been pressured by their peers to do both positive and negative things. Growing up th rough middle school and high school is tough because kids are always trying to get other kids to do the wrong thing. Most of the kids actually do some of the stupid things so they can fit in. I remember when I was in middleRead MoreMy Lifelong Goals Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesI have been taught for as long as I can remember that a person should always have goals. I remember starting High School and my teachers asking me what my goals were. I always answered with â€Å"to get all A’s in my classes† or â€Å"to do well in school.† To this day I still have many goals for myself and have achieved some of the ones i’ve made. I have completed up to High School level, and not failed a single class, which is one of the goals I made for myself when I entered HIgh School. I didn’t want toRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesGraduation The long buildup to one of my happiest experiences began many years ago, when I first started school. This experience isn’t just one single event that occurred in the span of a day, but a transition that took place over a few months. Even on my very first day of kindergarten, it was already clear to me that going to school wasn’t going to be something that I enjoyed. I was very shy and withdrawn, and the other kids weren’t at all interested in being friends with me. Despite my effortsRead MoreWe Live A World With Unequal Lives Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesCompared to others, I would say I was lucky with the way my parents raised me. Not everyone would have to agree with me though. There are people who believe that I was not allowed the â€Å"freedom† that I deserved. To me if it were not for my parents, I would not be the person who I am today. Growing up in a concerted cultivation has its down falls, but to me, my parents chose to raise me that way be cause they knew what was best for me and my sisters. People might see me as the girl who was raised by strict

The Two Books, Coined by the Theologians Free Essays

The Two Books Module 3 The Two Books, Coined By The Theologians Gloria J. Farmer HTH-505-0101: Systematic Theology I Instructor: Professor Peter Conlin March 19, 2013 The Two Books – Page 1 God’s objective for self-revelation is that mankind comes to know Him better. From the beginning of creation, God’s plan â€Å"was to create a people among whom he could dwell and with whom he could be in relationship† (Hill Walton, 2009, p. We will write a custom essay sample on The Two Books, Coined by the Theologians or any similar topic only for you Order Now 23). Mankind has no excuse for not knowing God and establishing a relationship with Him because â€Å"everyone naturally has a general idea that there is a God† (McGrath, 2011, p. 5), based upon His eternal power and divine nature. His glory is declared in the heavens, the work of His hands is proclaimed in the skies, (Psalm 19; Romans 1:20) and â€Å"the order, intricacy, and wonder of creation speak to the existence of a powerful and glorious Creator† (Got Questions, 2013). Moreover, â€Å"people everywhere possess general knowledge of the existence of God as the Creator of heaven and earth, and they understand His righteousness, and that He administers punishment to the wicked, etc. However, â€Å"people do not have a clue of God’s plans concerning mankind, the benefits of His blessings, our deliverances from sin and death, and the plan of salvation—which denotes true knowledge of God (McGrath, 2011). The Two Books that God reveals Himself to humanity include, â€Å"General Revelation and Special Revelation. â€Å"General revelation refers to the general truths that can be known about God through nature. Special revelation refers to the more specific truths that can be known about God through the supernatural† (Got Questions, 2013). General Revelation was not the catalyst that was designed to teach us our obligation towards God and our proper relationship to him as our creator. It was not designed to guide us in morality even if the fall of man had not occurred in the Garden of Eden† (Preacherwin’s, 2008). It is through General Revelation that God’s revelation of Himself as God, and the righteous judge is seen. Also, th rough General Revelation man is seen as a sinner standing under The Two Books – Page 2 God’s divine judgment. The clear message of general revelation and what is derived from it–natural theology (e. g. , Romans 1 and 2), encounters the problem of fallen man perverting its clear message. Nature, human history, and human nature (internally—via conscience) denote the three primary categories of general revelation (Apologetics, 2013). â€Å"God manifested or revealed Himself through Special Revelation in three major categories that include: miraculous events, divine speech, and visible manifestations. Special Revelation is redemptive or salvific in nature and is communicated in both words (e. . , Scripture) and acts or actions. It must be revealed/initiated by God alone. Christ and the Scriptures respectively are the supreme examples of Special Revelation† (Apologetics, 2013). Having said this, The Two Books, coined by the Theologians, present an intertwining role of Special Revelation (Scripture) and General Revelation in the theological task of discovering God. As we explo re General Revelation in the area of Science and the Bible, we must note that there is some information that General Revelation tell us and does not tell us. According to VandenBerg, (2010), there are two beliefs among the Christian community concerning scientific knowledge and the Bible. For example, â€Å"there are Christians who reject the knowledge in the areas of evolution, cosmology, and insist that the biblical accounts of creation and cosmology must be read in a woodenly literal fashion. They assert that it is not necessary to harmonize the Bible and science because, for the most part, the scientific academy is wrong. Furthermore, some Christians insist that what the Bible says about the origins of the universe does not, in fact, cannot, contradict what science has discovered. Contrasting those in the first group, those in this group tend to affirm the discoveries of science while seeking to harmonize them in some way with the biblical text. The Reformed tradition, tends to fall into line with the The Two Books – Page 3 latter group† (p. 16). However, â€Å"Because God is the author of both books—the physical world and the Bible—so the argument goes, there can be no disagreement between them. The basic premise for science and the Bible is that God has provided two sources of knowledge for human persons: nature and the Bible (VandenBerg, 2010). Scientists contend that the problem with General Revelation is not that data is interpreted incorrectly with regard to any particular scientific subject that is being studied, but the problem is that the author of the data is distorted (VandenBerg, 2010). A critical analysis of General Revelation calls into question what is being revealed. At first glance, â€Å"there is common understanding of what God is revealing about himself. However, the theological jury is still out deliberating a revelatory verdict† (Howard, D. , 2010). One point is agreed upon concerning General Revelation by those who embrace this Doctrine of Revelation is that knowledge about God is revealed concerning His existence and character (Howard, D. , 2010). â€Å"Agreement also exists that the knowledge revealed consists of particular attributes of God or a â€Å"broad outline of what He is like. The attributes of God that are considered to be revealed are those described in passages such as Psalm 19:1-6, Romans 1:18-32, and Acts 14:17. Psalm 19:1-8, according to Demarest, indicates that God â€Å"as Elohim—the eternal, omnipotent, wise, and good Creator and Sustainer of all that is—revealed via general revelation† (Howard, D. 2010). â€Å"Knowledge obtained from general revelation is not considered salvific in nature , because it lacks salvation knowledge. Knowledge disclosed in general is only about God as The Two Books – Page 4 Creator and other â€Å"general† divine attributes, not God as Redeemer and other salvific knowledge. There is no knowledge of redemption or the Redeemer given in general knowledge, because the precise purpose of general revelation is to declare â€Å"the glory of the Creator and give general guidance to the creature,† not to reveal Jesus Christ. Furthermore, humans do not obtain salvific knowledge from general revelation, they have true and accurate knowledge of God’s existence, his attributes, and moral law (Howard, D. , 2010). The task of discovering God is incomplete without Special Revelation (Scripture). The intertwining role of Special Revelation (Scripture) and General Revelation reveal â€Å"two different media that in different ways point to the same messenger—the divine Creator and Revealer. To the degree that the content of the message is the same—â€Å"God’s invisible qualities his eternal power and divine nature† (Romans 1:20)—the truth that both books speak the same language and point to the same God must be stressed. At the same time, the truth that natural theology has no saving capacity, that to know our sin and salvation we need the additional special revelation given in Scripture, must never be overlooked. The two Books are not in the first place about the Bible and science but about God and his relation to us as Creator and Redeemer in Jesus Christ† (Bolt, J. , 2011). Special Revelation can be categorized in the following way. â€Å"Theophany (God makes Himself known to the prophet while the prophet is awake and aware of such taking place; Visions (God makes Himself known (not physically) to the prophet who is awake and aware of what is taking place; Dreams (God makes Himself known to a prophet who is asleep); In His Son—Jesus Christ (Jesus is the ultimate manifestation of God given not just to the prophets, but The Two Books – Page 5 o all people. Jesus is also the perfect image of the invisible God and the object of all Special Revelation. All of Scripture, not just the Gospels, points to Jesus)† (Preacherwin, 2008). Without the Two Books, (General Revelation and Special Revelation), mankind would be deprived of the â€Å"intimate manifestation of Godâ₠¬â„¢s special Revelation to his people, revealing Christ and uniting in Christ all of these separate forms of Special Revelation. Scripture reveals Christ in his fullness for God’s people and thus, the completed canon of Scripture is given to us as the capstone upon which our faith is held together† (Preacherwin, 2008). References Apologetics. (2013). Explain general and special revelation using examples. Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http://www. apologeticsinfo. org/outlines/ Got Questions. (2013). What is general revelation and special revelation? Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http://www. gotquestions. org/general-special-revelation. tml Hill, A. E. Walton, J. H. (2009). A Survey Of The Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Zondervan. Howard, D. (2010). A critical analysis of general revelation. Criswell Theological Review, 8(1), 53-75 Preacherwin’s. (2008). Forms of Special Revelation. Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http://preacherwin. wordpress. com/2008/04/21/forms-of-special-revelation/ VandenBerg, M. L. (2010). What General Revelation Does (and Does Not) Tell Us. Perspectives On Scie nce Christian Faith, 62 (1), 16-24 How to cite The Two Books, Coined by the Theologians, Papers

Hacks of OPM Databases

Question: Discuss about theHacks of OPM Databases. Answer: Introduction In this report, we are going to discuss about a one year old news of information security breaches. Information security breaches put vulnerable impact on business organizations, its reputation and their customers whose data is saved into database of organization. For last many years, various information breaches have seen by users of IT and till now they are bearing loss of those breaches. The main reason for these information security breach is improper management of information into database, lack of security and authorized access of data. To mitigate these breaches both users and developers need to be responsible. Now in this report, we will discuss about information security breach in detail with its countermeasures. (Gallagher, 2015) Justification of Choice for News of Information Security Breach The news of information security breach that we will thoroughly discuss here in this report is about Hacks of OPM Databases. We have selected this news because it is one of ten most popular news of information security breaches and a wide range of customers of this company have compromised with this problem. It will be good to understand about actual breach and how it happened and who was affected due to this. This selected news is related information security breach because in this incident, sensitive data of current and former employees has stolen by hackers. It means confidential information of customers of company has stolen by hackers. (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2016) Reason for Breaches This is an important segment of this report that describes both technical and non-technical reasons of this information security breach. According to analysis, it is found that personal information of at least 22.1 million people have been stolen and this information includes addresses, mental health and criminal records. It means personal and official information of employees and other members of organization has lost. In this incident of information security leakage, U.S government databases are hacked by hackers. These databases of U.S government holding files of security clearance and personal records that exposed sensitive information near about 22.1 million people. According to resources of this news, not only personal records are hacked of current and former employees by hackers but also widespread information of their friends and relatives have also stolen. It means large number of victims were influenced by this. According to officials of this attack, this security breach is done by Chinas domestic civilian spying program. This is a non-technical reason about this attack and we will discuss about this in detail later in this report. Here are some technical reasons of this attack: The first technical reason for this OPM information breach is lack of security in accessing system. Hackers are unauthorized users and if they were successful to hack this system, then it means there is some deficiency in authorized process of system. Other technical issue is regarding improper security database. It was responsibility of database administrator to set access permissions by using strong login credentials and these credentials must not be easy to guess. (Deac, 2015) Lack of usage of network intrusion monitoring software which has capability to give alert in case of any wrong activity into network, periodical monitoring of database and network is required here. No proper use of spyware and anti-virus that can prevent system and database from vulnerable attacks. According to analysis, it is found malware was gone into database and through a programming script, information has been collected. Other major security issue is that hackers were conducted background investigation about OPM databases for last many days. In this investigation, hackers were investigating, current, former and federal employees information and then with the help of this information they have conducted this attack. (S. Office of Personnel Management, 2016) Next technical issue of this information security breach is that, OPM systems are found insecure. There is problem in working of these systems and can be easily hacked. Poor maintenance is also a big reason for this hacking attack on OPM systems Besides these, technical issues, there are also some non-technical issues found for this attack. As we have already mentioned above that investors have investigating that attackers were belong to Chinas domestic civilian spying program on American citizens. According to FBI Director James B. Comey, it is treasure trove of information for everyone who are working with, worked with and tried to work with United States government. Here China is suspected for stealing large amounts of data on Americans and it was part of strategic plan for increasing intelligence collection. This reason is non-technical, because it is concerned with government levels of USA and China. Investigators of this attack are trying to find out exact reason for this information security breach. Foreign spy service is also used by U.S government to identify solid reason for this attack. (USA TODAY, 2016) Impact of OPM Information Security Breach According to evaluation of this security breach of OPM, this was severely bad attack for government of United States of America. Due to exposure of data which can be used in other cyber espionage operation includes spear phishing attacks and blackmailing. Besides this, following social impacts were also encountered by OPM. (Corbin, 2016) Social Impacts of OPM Information Security Breach Any kind of security breach whether it is small or large put bad impact on all people who are victim of that attack. OPM databases attack was not less harmful, it has impacted a wide range of people, their families and friends. Here we have some social impacts of this information security breach that must be considered by other countries and must try to understand all technical and non-technical issues of this breach. (InformationWeek, 2016) The first impact of this attack is that due to this personal information of federal, official and their families and friends. They have lost their whole personal information in this attack. This attack has posed a big security question for US government that they can further maintain security of their employees through their databases or not. Due to this attack, OPM has faced a big challenge in budget and resources that are required for improvement in IT security. This thing will also put influence over better security practices. (FCW, 2016) Due to leakage of information, this can be misused by hackers and government of other countries. This a big question for reputation of US government. These are some essential impacts of OPM information security breach. These impacts are social and as well as economic. After this attack, citizens of America are worried about their personal information that is stored into OPM databases. (Nakashima, 2016) Remedies From above discussion, it is cleared that this information security breach was very much vulnerable for Americans and they still have impact of this attack.( Krebsonsecurity.com, 2016) Here are some essential remedies for controlling this attack and must be implemented successfully by US government. These remedies are listed as below: It is necessary for U.S government to improve its security activities and parameters. Better and strict policies are required to implement for securing database of OPM. The authorization and configuration management of system and database need to improve. If system will not be configured properly then it may definitely hacked by hackers. Centralized system of storing data should be maintained properly by OPM. Administrating department of OPM must take steps to improve security and to call attention to threats. Setting of permissions to users and employees must be provided carefully by administrator. (Nextgov, 2015) There is also requirement to evaluate and monitor effectiveness and security controls that are required for confidential information that is stored into database. Third party software those provide prevention from malware and other virus attacks must be installed into system and firewall configuration must also be implemented into these types of system. Network monitoring software is also required to monitor networks and to detect harmful entities those can put vulnerable impact over system. (Lawfare,2016) These remedies will provide successful results if these will be implemented appropriately by technical experts. Not only OPM databases, but other companies databases should be aware about these security and privacy issues. Conclusion After this whole discussion about OPM information security breach, we can say that this discussed attack was so much vulnerable and there were various technical and non-technical reasons exist for this attack. In this report, we have discussed remedies for mitigated these security issues. Lack of these security tools and techniques directly lead to harmful attacks. Hackers always try to find out weak points of an information system from where they can access unauthorized information. These weak points are left due to lack of awareness and knowledge about how to protect system and database. If users will have information about this, then most of the systems can be remedies. References U.S. Office of Personnel Management. (2016). OPM Announces Steps to Protect Federal Workers and Others From Cyber Threats. (2016). Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.opm.gov/news/releases/2015/07/opm-announces-steps-to-protect-federal-workers-and-others-from-cyber-threats/ Corbin, K. (2016). How OPM data breach could have been prevented. CIO. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.cio.com/article/2947453/data-breach/how-opm-data-breach-could-have-been-prevented.html FCW. (2016). Exclusive: The OPM breach details you haven't seen -- FCW. (2015). Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://fcw.com/articles/2015/08/21/opm-breach-timeline.aspx Nakashima, E. (2016). Hacks of OPM databases compromised 22.1 million people, federal authorities say. Washington Post. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/federal-eye/wp/2015/07/09/hack-of-security-clearance-system-affected-21-5-million-people-federal-authorities-say/ Deac, A. (2015). The Top 10 Worst Cyber Security Breaches from 2013-2015 | TruShield. Trushieldinc.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://trushieldinc.com/the-top-10-worst-cyber-security-breaches-from-2013-2015/ Nextgov. (2015). Timeline: What We Know About the OPM Breach (UPDATED). Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2015/06/timeline-what-we-know-about-opm-breach/115603/ Gallagher, S. (2015). EPIC failhow OPM hackers tapped the mother lode of espionage data. Ars Technica. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/06/epic-fail-how-opm-hackers-tapped-the-mother-lode-of-espionage-data/ Lawfare.(2016). Why the OPM Hack Is Far Worse Than You Imagine. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.lawfareblog.com/why-opm-hack-far-worse-you-imagine USA TODAY. (2016). OPM hack QA: What we know and what we don't. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/27/opm-hack-questions-and-answers/29333211/ InformationWeek. (2016).OPM Breach Leads To New Systems, Procedures - InformationWeek. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/security-and-risk-strategy/opm-breach-leads-to-new-systems-procedures/a/d-id/1324077 U.S. Office of Personnel Management.(2016). OPM Announces Steps to Protect Federal Workers and Others From Cyber Threats. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.opm.gov/news/releases/2015/07/opm-announces-steps-to-protect-federal-workers-and-others-from-cyber-threats/ Krebsonsecurity.com. (2016). Catching Up on the OPM Breach Krebs on Security. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://krebsonsecurity.com/2015/06/catching-up-on-the-opm-breach/

The Crucible Arthur Miller Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Arthur Miller The Crucible Arthur Miller Introduction Arthur Miller was an American playwright who was born in 1915. He grew up in New York to a Jewish family. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he began to distinguish himself as a playwright. His first plays were Honors at Dawn (1936) and No Villain (1937) which won the University of Michigan Hopwood Awards. His Death of a Salesman won the Pulitzer prize in 1949. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953 during the McCarthy period when Americans were accusing each other of Pro-Communist beliefs. Many of Miller's friends were being attacked as communists and in 1956, Miller himself was brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee where he was found guilty of beliefs in communism. The verdict was reversed in 1957 in an appeals court. Miller married Marylin Monroe in 1956 but divorced her in 1961. The Crucible is set against the backdrop of the mad witch hunts of the Salem witch trials in the late 17th century. It is about a town, after accusations from a few girls, which begins a mad hunt for witches that did not exist. Many townspeople were hanged on charges of witchcraft. Miller brings out the absurdity of the incident with the theme of truth and righteousness. The theme is conveyed through the struggles of Miller's main character, John Proctor. Summary Act one begins with Reverend Parris praying over her daughter, Betty Parris, who lies unconscious on her bed. Through conversations between Reverend Parris and his niece Abigail Williams, and between several girls, the audience learns that these girls, including Abigail and Betty, were engaged in occultic activities in the forest lead by Tituba, Parris' slave from Barbados. Parris caught them and jumped from a bush startling the girls. Betty fainted and had not recovered. During this session, Abigail drank chicken blood to kill Elizabeth Proctor. She tells the girls that she will kill anyone who mutters a word about what happened. The townspeople do not know exactly what the girls were doing but there are rumors of witchcraft. John Proctor enters the room where Betty lies faint. Abigail is still in there and she tries to seduce him. Proctor is a farmer who has had an affair with Abigail a while ago, but now he wants to forget it. Reverend John Hale is summoned to look upon Betty and the research the incident. He is an expert in occultic phenomena and he is eager to show his knowledge. He questions Abigail who accuses Tituba as being a witch. Tituba, afraid of being hanged, confesses faith in God and accuses Goody Good and Goody Osborne of witchcraft. Abigail and Betty, who has woken up, claim to have been bewitched and confess faith in God. They name several other people whom they claim they saw with the Devil. Act two begins eight days after the discussion at Parris' house. Between act one and act two, Deputy Governor Dansforth came to Salem to oversee the court proceedings. Fourteen people have been arrested for witchcraft, and there is talk of hanging. Elizabeth Proctor asks John to go to the court and testify against Abigail and the other girls. John doesn't want to get involved. There is tension between Elizabeth and John since Elizabeth has not forgiven John for the affair. Marry Warren enters. She was in court testifying against the townspeople. She gives Elizabeth a doll which she has made in court. In the middle of their discussion, Hale enters to question John and Elizabeth, suspicious of witchcraft. Later, Giles Corey and Francis Nurse enter to seek advice after both their wives had been arrested. Next, the marshal arrives with a warrant for Elizabeth's arrest. Elizabeth was accused by Abigail for stabbing Abigail with a needle through a doll. John Proctor protests but Elizabeth is taken away in chains. Proctor demands Mary that she goes to court and testify against the girls. He vows that he will fight the proceedings, even if it means confessing his own adultery. Act three takes place in court. Francis Nurse, Giles Corey, and John Proctor present their case against the girls to Deputy Governor Dansforth and Judge Hathorne. Proctor presents a petition signed by 91 people testifying to the good character of their wives, and Dansforth issues warrants for the questioning of all of them. Corey charges Putnam on inciting his daughter to accuse Corey of witchcraft in order get his land. Corey has a witness but will not name him for fear of getting the man arrested. Corey is arrested because of contempt of the court. Proctor presents his case and

CartierBresson essays

CartierBresson essays One of this centurys icons in photography Henri-Cartier Bresson, thought to be the Father of modern day Street Photography, transformed the field through his concept of the decisive moment. He defined it as the simultaneous recognition in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as a precise organization of forms that give that event its proper expression. In other words, the dramatic climax of a picture where everything falls perfectly into place. Bressons photographs excel in composition without cropping his negatives, he had a unique ability to capture the fleeting moment in which the subjects significance is revealed in form, content, and expression. Cartier-Bresson utilizes a Leica 35 Midtown Mediation camera, in fact, he popularized this small, portable camera. The general format that he incorporates is black and white silver gelatin in 11 x 14 and 16 x 20 sizes. The photograph, Behind the Gare St. Lazare, 1932, a man jumping through a puddle, shows the French photographers ability to catch the moment in which an event is about to take place. This picture is one of intensity and depth, it brings out his creativity and ability as a photographer. The contrasts of light-to-dark and dark-to-light is brought about all throughout the image. His ability of self-expression and compassion for his artwork, is what makes this photograph so full of life and passion. The style of the picture is smooth, and soft, yet at some angles it looks harsh and full of shadows. It brings out the complexities and intricacies that a photographer has to go through in order to achieve such a perfect picture. He also makes popular the saying being at the right place at the right time, because this is just what this photograph demonstrates. It also catches the attention of any viewer, ...

Approaches to Combating Terrorism

Approaches to Combating Terrorism Discuss intelligence approaches to combating terrorism? In 2011, DOJ and FBI operate 104 Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) in the United States of America. Both the agencies includes 4,000 law interpreting officers and agents whose duty is to inquire the terrorism related events taking place in USA. To investigate terrorist plots their operations are highly tactual and focused on the investigation. Through investigation intelligence got constituted to restrict and defeat terrorist acts. JTTFs develop an important system to share intelligence news with FBI who further conveys it to other agencies to overpower terrorism. The other major work of these task forces is to develop harmony between low interpreting sources and the state with United States of America on intelligence related matters. The threat of homegrown jihadists occurred and the several top most security clearance issued to local police working with JTTF. A significant dilemma for law enforcement and intelligence offi cials who straddle the public realm of ideas and the secretive realm of terrorist operations is how to sift the law-abiding, nonviolent radical attracted to jihadist rhetoric from the would-be terrorist who merits targeting. The vast amount of terrorist-related material available on the Internet in a relatively anonymous setting attracts homegrown individuals open to radicalization. Many of these individuals may show great interest in radical content, engage in radical discourse, but not become terrorists. A growing pool of those who view jihadist as â€Å"cool† and engage in online â€Å"talk† may make it harder for police to identify actual terrorists. After 9/11 attacks law interpreting got more focused and prioritized factor of intelligence got highlighted in the inquiry process. Deputy Attorney General, Paul McNulty, while working described the law abiding sector focused, proactive and intelligence attitude towards terrorist acts and to prevent it for the security of the nation. Intelligence gathering is one of the basics in inquiring and get rid of any other emergence of terrorist attack in future. Investigations require some level of factual predication, while an assessment does not.206 However; assessments are to follow a specifically articulated purpose. The guidelines have established six authorized purposes: Check leads on individuals or activities, Check leads on groups or organizations, Collect information to analyze potential threats and vulnerabilities, Gather information for intelligence analysis or planning, Vet and manage the agency’s confidential human sources (informants), and Collect foreign intelligence. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has criticized the FBI’s amassing of racial and ethnic data based on the new guidelines. It allows for the collection of information about ethnic or racial communities and justifies the gathering of such information for proactive purposes. The guidelines s tate that it should be done if it â€Å"will reasonably aid the analysis of potential threats and vulnerabilities, and, overall, assist domain awareness for the purpose of performing intelligence analysis. One ACLU official has described this as racial profiling of entire communities. Discuss the role of state and local law enforcement? Terrorist attacks take place in United States of America, whether from foreign or homegrown terrorists. The local and homegrown terrorist attacks and their propagation like weapons explosives and participants all take place in local territories. The whole plan of terrorist attack got prepared locally so, to prevent from these kind of attacks responsibility not only lies on central government it also the part of local and tribal government take action against it. On daily basis up to 17,000 officials gather investigation report suspicious individuals and incidents which as crime connect with any possible terrorism activity. The case of Oklahoma C ity bomber Timothy McVeigh. He was arrested after a traffic stop when Oklahoma State Trooper Charles J. Hanger noticed that McVeigh’s yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis had no license plate.233 Using his home state as an example, a former U.S. Attorney maintains that â€Å"evidence of a potential terrorist threat or organized criminal enterprise is far more likely to be found in the incidental contact with the 10,000 police officers in the state of Washington than by the less than 150 FBI agents assigned to the Seattle Field Division. The role of state tribal and local both are very important because any kind of intriguing act take place locally security agencies should be high alert to take action against it as soon as it occurs because it may be connected to any kind of terrorism activity which will harm the nation on high extent further to check and balance locally will help to detect brutal terrorists. The Nationwide Suspicious Activity Report Initiative (NSI) is a program to p ush terrorism-related information generated locally between and among federal, state, local, and tribal levels. Specifically, it is a framework to support the reporting of suspicious activity—from the point of initial observation to the point where the information is available in the information sharing environment.245 It is a standardized, integrated approach to gathering, documenting, processing, analyzing, and sharing information about suspicious activity that is potentially terrorism-related while protecting the privacy and civil liberties of Americans. The intent is for this locally generated suspicious activity reporting to be combined in a systematic way with other sources of intelligence at the federal level to uncover criminal activity, including terrorism.

Virgin Galactic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Virgin Galactic - Research Paper Example In pursuit of their mission, Virgin Galactic has acted as a proving ground for new technologies like using carbon composites in big sized aircrafts, which has applications across a many industrial sectors. This is why Virgin Galactic has been described as a significant industrial project in the twenty first century (virgin galactic.com, 2012). Branson was 19 years old when Apollo 11 took the first humans to the moon on July 16, 1969. On that day a young Richard Branson decided that he would experience the wonder of space. â€Å"Virgin Galactic's goal is to end the exclusivity attached to manned space travel, which means designing a vehicle that can fly almost anyone to space and back safely without the need for special expertise or exhaustive, time consuming training† (Virgin Galactic. com, 2012, par. 3). Virgin Galactic reviewed many spacecraft concepts before networking with Scaled Composites. Scaled Composites was founded by famed designer and builder of experimental aircra ft Burt Rutan (Leonard, 2005). Virgin Galactic’s spacecraft and launch vehicles were designed with simplicity and redundancy in mind. A complex system has an increased chance of failure; therefore simplification and risk reduction pay a pivotal role in their design. Scaled Composites has an exceptional safety record and is responsible for some of the most innovative experimental aircraft in the world. September 27, 2004, Branson announced that Virgin Galactic would finance the design and construction of a fleet of commercial spacecraft that would take thousands of passengers to space and back safely (virgingalactic.com, 2012). In addition to commercial sub-orbital space flight, Virgin Galactic offers sub-orbital scientific missions as well as orbital satellite launches. According to Virgin Galactic’s Web site, the company and the New Mexico State revealed that they had made a historic agreement in 2005 that would see the building of a state-funded $200 million spacepor t on a 27-square mile area of land. Virgin Galactic agreed to establish its headquarters and operate space flights from what would be known as Spaceport America in South Mexico (virgingalactic.com, 2012). New Mexico’s steady climate, high altitude, free airspace, and low population density make it an ideal location for the first commercial spaceport. Richard Branson and New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez recently dedicated the Virgin Galactic Gateway to Space at Spaceport America, New Mexico. Seven hundred guests gathered to celebrate the occasion and view a demonstration flight. There has been a steady increase in the interest in space tourism among engineers, scientist, entrepreneurs, and the general public. According to Virgin Galactic’s Web site, more than 500 tickets have been sold at US$200,000 per seat. The sky is no longer the limit and the market potential for this emerging industry is enormous. As the space tourism industry grows, they will need to cut their costs to remain competitive. Branson expects as many as five competing spaceship companies by 2020. He believes this competition will drive the price of a ticket down to a level that hundreds of thousands of passengers can afford to go to space (Allen, 2009). Several companies entering the market have already announced that their costs will be approximately half that of Virgin Galactic. The

The methods adopted by the construction industry to remedy Health and Literature review

The methods adopted by the construction industry to remedy Health and safety non conformities and to ensure that they to not rec - Literature review Example Some of the very important methods were identified from the revitalisation campaign which was conducted by the HSE to help the construction industry become a more health and safety environment to work within. At the same time such methods identified corresponded with the methods mentioned by the interviewees within my results. Thus illustrating that the identification of a methods to remedy health and safety non conformities was not so difficult and it also shows that professionals within the industry are aware of such compliance issues as methods have been identified and created to ensure that they do not occur in the future. The methods which were identified within the literature review included information as to how the management methods, pertaining to health and safety should be systematically and properly allocated from the top management down. Collins (2007). Behavioural management methods which include adopting more positive safety management rules, such as involve and motiva te individuals do not carry out inspections on the basis to find faults and communicate health and safety effectively. ... Finally Singh, Hinze & Coble (2009) suggest inspections as a method to remedy health and safety non compliances. In comparison the methods which have been mentioned by the interviewees include: behavioural management techniques such as motivation, effective communication, rewards (prizes), name and shame, red card yellow card system, issuing non compliance notes on employees portfolio, management techniques such as to lead by example and not by criticism, law and regulations to follow as an organisation such as the construction site safety handbook GF700, and finally training and education requirements before and during an employee`s journey on a construction site, such as CSCS card scheme, and even regulatory training courses for managers to attend can all help to ensure health and safety non conformities do not reoccur. Overall one can conclude that only two methods identified within the literature review and the interviewees are similar which include the CSCS card scheme and the l ed from the top management down approach. This illustrates that all the methods identified within the interviews are all methods which have developed within industry and are methods which the organisation feels are effective to remedy health and safety non conformities. It is easy to list or even identify all the methods that an organisation uses to remedy health and safety non conformities as illustrated above, the main issue is how effective are these methods in ensuring that a corrective action has been achieved rather than an instant (non corrective) change. Thus justifications from interviewees where given into why they felt that these methods will

A Study on the Problems Faced by Teachers in a Mixed Essay Example for Free

A Study on the Problems Faced by Teachers in a Mixed Essay A Study on the Problems faced by Teachers in a Mixed-ability Class. P. Karthi, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Gobi Arts Science College, Gobichettipalayam. Mixed ability as used in ELT usually refers to the differences that exist in a group in terms of different levels of language proficiency. This might be a result of simply the amount of time they have spent for learning, their different language learning abilities or learning style preferences. Almost all groups are mixed-ability. The world of English language teaching (ELT) presents a great number of ideas and concepts, expounding a vast assortment of styles, models and techniques, but often makes a general assumption on the make-up of actual classes in which such teaching methods are to be employed. In an ideal teaching environment, we might all wish for energetic, highly-motivated and able students coupled with a limitless supply of time and resources, but the reality that many of us have to face is far from the ideal situation. For a variety of restrictive reasons there is a need for teachers to make the best use of what is available and to do so in the most productive way that ones personal teaching methodology might allow. Teaching students with mixed ability can pose a unique set of challenges. Diversity in language, culture, confidence and ability can all come into play for teachers in the classroom Working with students, sending them down different paths in order to arrive at a similar goal can be one of the most challenging things for teachers of all backgrounds. However with patience, respect and hard work all the seemingly grand problems can be overcome to the benefit of all. As such, it is our intention to present a brief, basic summary of what we believe to be a sound starting methodology for approaching classes with students of mixed abilities. As a first step in managing the diversity of student ability in the classroom, there needs to be an analysis of the needs of the students. With this analysis the teacher will gain much ground in the effort to determine and support the needs of every student. This analysis will provide an opportunity for the students to reflect on their ability and style and prepare them for the fact that the class will not be managed in the traditional manner. While this action seems to add work for the instructor on the front end of things we think we can easily liken it to the old adage ‘an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure’. Upon determination of the individual student needs the teacher can strive to coordinate the students into functional learning groups based on their skills and learning pace. The construction of focus groups allows the instructor to proactively increase the effectiveness of the lesson plan and provide realistic and achievable assignments to the students. The groups can work together based on their skill level or at that time the instructor can intermingle the weaker with the advanced, which will also contribute to creating variety in the class. This method allows for all students to advance toward a mutual goal at an appropriate pace for their capacity and avoids putting them off with material that is outside of their aptitude. Provided the instructor has established focus groups based on ability or learning pace the next step is to consider the curriculum to be utilized. The instructor should prepare a collection of authentic information and materials that can be used with varying requirements for the class. These materials can be utilized in the classroom to provide different tasks for the unique skill levels so as to achieve conformity in the exercise, while utilizing realistic expectations of what can be accomplished based on individual groups. To this end the instructor can include several different versions of the same homework task in order to align with achievement levels and maximize the benefit to all the students. Ultimately in this very limited summary we feel that we need to consider the psychology of the students, the effects of this methodology on them and how to work to benefit each and every student. If caution is not taken to include all students fully the weaker students will potentially not achieve and consequently experience the natural reaction of avoiding the activities they are not successful in. Because of this reaction the achievement gap will only be widened rather than narrowed. To this end, instructors must make an effort to make the classes inclusive while differentiating in order to ensure student achievement across the board and not just with the better performing students. While there are so many different facets in managing a class of students with mixed abilities, by taking some basic measures teachers can manage the challenge effectively for the benefit of all. We can be certain hat we have only begun to scratch the surface of the issues faced by teachers of classes with mixed ability students, but we hope we have provided some basic building blocks for individual instructors to start with. As instructors we have the responsibility to show respect and provide reasonable attention to all students and we feel strongly that utilizing the previously stated methodology is a start down a path to achieve such ends. Differentiating Instruction for Advanced Learners in the Mixed-Ability Classroom.

School Views :: essays research papers

Students in America need a good education to keep our economy strong, and school is the best place to get it. Whether someone attends a private, public, or home school, they're all going to get an education, and that is what is important. However, there are certain factors that can detract from a student's ability to learn and perform in school. An overemphasis on sports is one of these. I know this is a tired subject and should have been buried long ago, but I cannot help but mention it. Some schools have a tendency to play favorites with big sports stars. While everyone sees this as wrong, everyone also does it. Whether or not it is a conscious decision is another matter altogether. But it always seems that some students get the short end of the stick in certain areas (schoolwork, disciple, etc.) while others are given break after lucky break. Do the athletes (or whoever the favored group may be, as is the case) deserve this? By participating in some activity, are the suddenly more valuable as a person? No. But the fact of the matter is, this has been going on and will likely continue until the next Ice Age. The only thing students can do is to try and point out the inequalities and force administrators and teachers to be a little fairer in their application of the school rules. However, this is not the only barrier students must face in their daily struggles to learn. Apathetic students and teachers present a considerable barrier. The only course of action here is to work around the problem students and teachers, and try and learn as much as possible. If a teacher cannot adequately teach their subject, help from other teachers in the same area or other students might be needed. If a teacher refuses to teach their subject, go and talk to your principal. No student should be forced to try and learn without the guidance of a teacher. But the barrier that takes the proverbial cake is administrators acting like gods upon their high thrones and lording their power over students. Students cannot be expected to learn where ideas are not freely discussed, nor is freedom of thought allowed. I can recall when a principal at my school once told teachers, "You are not to discuss the Columbine incident AT ALL." Keeping students ignorant and sheltered from the world is a disastrous course of action.

Achievement Motivation Theory Analysis Essay

Every manager has a theory on how to motivate employees to perform his or her job. One of the oldest motivational methods is the Carrot and Stick method, which is a combination of rewards and punishments to bring about a desired behavior. Although this method of motivation can still be found in one form or the other in many organizations today, managers are learning new methods of motivating employees. This paper will analyze two different job positions the author has held, and how the theory of achievement motivation would and would not be applicable to those job positions. The author will also analyze the need to develop and create new theoretical models of motivation in today’s changing work environment. Theory of Achievement Motivation Atkinson’s Achievement Motivation Theory suggests that some individuals have a greater need for achievement and success than other individuals. Those individuals that have a high need to achieve and be successful will take on more difficult tasks than those individuals that are not highly motivated to succeed. The following two workplace scenarios will show how the theory of achievement can affect employees. Workplace Scenario One One workplace scenario that works well with the achievement motivation theory is the Wal-Mart organization. Employees of Wal-Mart are paid by the hour; however, individuals are able to increase his or her salary through yearly raises and quarterly bonuses as a direct result of his or her job performance and production level. The basis of this pay system depends on the motivation of its employees. Employees’ raise is based on a scale of one through 4. Employees that have consistently high production levels and provide excellent customer service will receive the maximum yearly raise. The quarterly bonus Wal-Mart offers its employees is determined by performance markers which include sales, customer satisfaction levels, inventory levels, and employee attendance. This type of work setting demonstrates achievement motivation theory clearly. Without the willingness to succeed average employees will not achieve the same monetary results as the harder working employees. Wal-Mart rewards employees for quality productivity, work ethics, and attendance. The combination of these factors is what motivates the employees in reaching the desired result for the organization. Workplace Scenario Two Another workplace scenario which demonstrates where the achievement theory does not work will is in the union; specifically the grocery stores that make us the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW). UFCW is a national union made up of â€Å"more than 1.3 million people working primarily in grocery and retail stores, and in the food processing and meat packing industries† (UFCW, 2012). Individuals that belong to this union have negotiated wages and benefits. The combination of contracted wages and benefits, and the union’s backing removes a large amount of achievement motivation. The union employees in a grocery store usually work independently; whereas, in Wal-Mart the culture is more of a team. Through the negotiated contracts between Dierbergs and the union, employees know the amount of pay or the amount he or she will receive for an annual raise, regardless of experience or work productivity levels. Union employees also know the amount of pay or raise will not change, therefore there is little motivation to increase productivity, or work at a higher level than a coworker. In the grocery store setting employees are paid the same amount if they check out an average of 20 customers an hour or 2 customers an hour. The Need for New Theoretical Models of Motivation Decades ago working conditions we not as good for most employees in the work force. Unions, such as the UFCW, were formed to insure workers received fair wages and their workplace was safe. Since then laws have been passed and organizations behave toward their employees much better. Many non-union organizations reward their employees for exceptional productivity and work ethics. The union worker’s motivation is greatly reduced, because there is no incentive to increase productivity or practice good work ethics outside of what the contract outlines. The workforce of today is increasingly diverse with differing needs and demands of the workforce of decades ago. Technology has changed the way organizations do business and where that business is conducted. Global companies and e-commerce organizations with highly knowledgeable employees are now common. Another influence on in the workforce today is organizational tasks and goals are increasingly organized around teams. Managing these diverse, knowledgeable employees can be challenging and have a profound influence on how organizations attempt to motivate employees. The need to understand the influences of obvious and hidden motives and perceived abilities on motivation is needed. (Steers, 2004) Also, an understanding of â€Å"how participation in groups have a powerful influence on motivation above and beyond what can be understood by focusing exclusively on individual-level effects† (The Road Ahead). Failure to meet the need for new motivational models will result in influencing how organizations attract, retain, and motivate employees. Without motivating this new type of workforce organizations may lose their profitability and will not stay competitive. Conclusion Individuals are motivated to work for various reasons; however, most work for financial stability. The challenge for managers is too continual finds ways to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals in a changing workforce. Today’s workforce has new challenges such as technology, globalization, and team efforts, which did not exist before. â€Å"What all types of achievement situations have in common is that the person has encountered a standard of excellence and has been energized by it, largely because he or she knows that the forthcoming performance will produce an emotionally meaningful evaluation of personal competence† (Reeve, 2009, p. 176). References Reeve, J. (2009). Understanding Motivation and Emotion (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Steers, R. M. (2004). THE FUTURE OF WORK MOTIVATION THEORY. Retrieved from

A Critical Analysis of The Great Gatsby

The beginning of the 20th century was marked with substantial changes including the industrial revolution, WWI and the gradual diversification of moral views as opposed to the uniformity imposed by the clericalism that had dominated the American society from its conception.The dynamically changing morality first and foremost touched the new bourgeoisie, or the class of people who made their fortunes rapidly and became wealthy at relatively young age.com/cumulative-exam/">The Great Gatsby is a famous novel by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald. The action takes place on Long Island and in New York City in the 1920s era. The characters of the drama are mostly wealthy, yet young people, going through the stage of the inner morality reformation.The literary work depicts the stable upper-middle class of the 1920s, who used to live in the West Egg district of Long Island. Contemporary New York City lured people with its countless opportunities to realize oneself and improve one’s m aterial well-being; Nick Carraway, a Yale graduate, is not an exception. He is flexible and intelligent enough and thus moves to New York for the purpose of learning and working in bond trade.Furthermore, he’s originally solvent enough to afford a flat in the fashionable West Egg district: â€Å"My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this middle-western city for three generations. The Carraways are something of a clan and we have a tradition that we’re descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch [†¦]† (Fitzgerald, 4).Upon the arrival to New York, Nick soon gets attracted to the fun-driven lifestyle, implying noisy parties, light flirt and false, theatrical love. The family of his cousin Daisy, who lives not far from Nick, is equally wealthy and aristocratic: her husband Tom graduated from a prestigious university and runs a successful business. Daisy is a beautiful, but excessively materialistic woman, who once had a romantic affair with Gatsby, but soon rejected him because of his allegedly questionable ability to provide for the future family.Instead, she accepted Tom’s proposal and selected confidence in the tomorrow’s day as opposed to the strong, barely controllable emotions she had for Gatsby (Milford, 69). The protagonist of the novel, Jay Gatsby, stands to certain degree apart from the lawful third-generation businessmen he is on friendly terms with. Gatsby is a descendant of a poor family, but, owing to his motivation for learning, he manages to enter St. Olaf’s College, which he, however, soon leaves because of the despair, associated with his janitor’s job (Turnbull, 122).Driven by his love for Daisy, he fanatically seeks ways of becoming rich and even dares break the law and engages with criminal business. However, the protagonist remains sincere in his attitude towards people and seems extremely kind, generous and broad-minded person: â€Å"It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it that you come across four or five times in life†¦ [his face] believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself† (Fitzgerald, 52-53).As one can assume, wealth, as implied in the American Dream, particularly popular among the middle-class population, is one of the major themes of the literary work: â€Å"The Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic meditation on 1920s America as a whole, in particular the disintegration of the American dream in the era of unprecedented prosperity and material excess† (Bruccoli, 73).Wealth, or, more precisely, its lack, becomes the major reason for the destruction of the beautiful fairy tale romance between Gatsby and Daisy. Financial prosperity is also the main factor motivating Tom’s extramarital lover, Myrtle, for seeing the man on the regular basis. Finally, money becomes a catalyst of Gatsby’s tragic outcome of being slaughtered after taking Daisy’s blame for the accident with My rtle (Bruccoli, 79; Lehan, 211).When approaching the theme of wealth from an alternative perspective, it is possible to notice The Great Gatsby contains a comprehensive overview of the sociology of upper-middle class and newly minted rich businessmen. In particular, the western part of the district is inhabited by newly rich, whereas the denizens of East Egg represent nobility and aristocracy: â€Å"Fitzgerald portrays the newly rich as being vulgar, gaudy, ostentatious, and lacking in social graces and taste.Gatsby, for example, lives in a monstrously ornate mansion, wears a pink suit, drives a Rolls-Royce, and does not pick up on subtle social signals, such as the insincerity of the Sloans’ invitation to lunch† (Lehan, 215).At the same time, aristocratic circles are depicted as mannequins, whose public behavior rarely reflects their true beliefs and attitudes. For instance, Tom is unfaithful in his relationship with wife and starts an affair with a woman, whose backg round is far from aristocratic and who lives in a poor neighborhood.Wealth is also close-knit with the theme of   moral freedom, which causes the moral degradation of the top society (Lehan, 233). The Buchanans are literally heartless: instead of attending Gatsby’s funeral and demonstrating their respect for everything the dead made for safeguarding Daisy’s reputation, they simply change the place of residence and distance themselves from the tragedy both physically and psychologically.Even Gatsby, the most â€Å"authentic† and open-minded person in the novel, seems adversely affected by his wealth and sinks in the marsh of criminal affairs increasingly deeper so that even his surroundings learn about his illegal alcohol business and murders he committed.Therefore, by describing the wealthy New York City communities of the 1920s, Fitzgerald prominently illustrates the negative impact of excessive prosperity on human value system and intrinsic ethical principle s. The author also proves that money provides great freedom, but really few people are psychologically prepared to accept and successfully manage it.Works citedBruccoli, A. New Essays on The Great Gatsby. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Fitzgerald, F. S. The Great Gatsby. Wordsworth Editions, 1993.Lehan, R. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Craft of Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1966.Milford, N. Zelda. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.Turnbull, A. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962

The eNotes Blog Diversity, Intersectionality, and Inclusivity#YANeedsMore

Diversity, Intersectionality, and Inclusivity#YANeedsMore Yesterday the hashtag #YANeedsMore started trending, and we jumped in to watch the conversation unfold. We are ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã¢  ¤Ã¯ ¸ ing the #YANeedsMore tweets! (@) July 23, 2015 Not surprising was  the number of calls for more intersectionality and diversity; we were  pleasantly surprised  by  the rich insight, feedback, ideas, and personal experiences from hundreds of young adult, and proper adult, tweeters. The YA genre and particularly its older readers have been criticized for a gamut of faults and short-comings. This trending tag was a cry for a more varied genre,  and hopefully writers and publishers will follow to match their readers experiences, cultures, stories, and relationships. Here are some of our favorite #YANeedsMore. More   poor families   #YANeedsMore Poor families.(Growing up in a borderline poverty community, I found the upper middle class standard in YA alienating.) Kody Keplinger (@Kody_Keplinger) July 23, 2015 More   teen girls who   #YANeedsMore teen girls who know they dont ever want to settle down and have kids. Not every girl likes babies. Carrie Ann (@Writer_Carrie) July 24, 2015 More   queer kids being   #YANeedsMore queer kids being heroes in a story that has nothing to do with their sexuality. Tristina Wright (@TristinaWright) July 23, 2015 More   fat kids with   #YANeedsMore fat characters w/ intersectional ids (mogai, poc, disabled,etc.) bc most fat chars Ive seen are white/cishet/able-bodied inver (@invertweets) July 24, 2015 More   neuro-atypical individuals   #YANeedsMore neuro-atypical individuals without making them tragic or in need of fixing. Steven Gould (@StevenGould) July 23, 2015 More   girls who   #YAneedsmore girls who are okay with being single. Romance is good and fun but being single is a good (healthy) thing Akchita S. (@KailiaSage) July 23, 2015 More   diversity of   #YANeedsMore diversity. of skin, loves, gender, size, shape, brains, brain chemistries, beliefs. jenperator larsen (@jenfoo) July 23, 2015 More   friendships   #YANeedsMore friendships! Healthy friendships. Toxic friendships. Boy/girl friendships. Boy/boy friendships. Girl/girl friendships. Molli Moran (@MissMolliWrites) July 23, 2015 More   complex parent-teen relationships   #YANeedsMore complex parent-teen relationships that arent propelled by divorce, disease, or some sort of crisis. Saba Sulaiman (@agentsaba) July 23, 2015 More   trans teens  who   #yaneedsmore Trans teens who are comfortable being trans. Nonbinary teens! Genderqueer teens! Nita Tyndall (@NitaTyndall) July 23, 2015 More   retellings of classics   #YANeedsMore retellings of classics that are not by Jane Austen or Shakespeare lets see a YA Villette or Dorian Gray! Claire Hennessy (@clairehennessy) July 23, 2015 More   ambitious teens   #YANeedsMore ambitious teens. Teens are constantly making/changing plans all the time, more stories on what to do if it doesnt go to plan. Lily Meade (@LilyMeade) July 23, 2015 More   cats? Uh I dont necessarily  disagree with this. #YANeedsMore cat POV stories Jeff Crook (@JeffCrook2b) July 23, 2015 What do you think YA needs more of? Let us know in the comments, and add your voice to the trend!

SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUMMARY - Essay Example Before the Revolution erupted in the United States, the planning and designing of the community -- in the spatial/physical sense -- in the Colonial America were largely held by an individual grantee. An imitation of the 17th-century (or much earlier) European urban planning, the structuring and/or restructuring of places or towns in the pre-revolutionary America was under the sole power of an individual person. The grantor or donor was usually a high ranking official -- with respect to Europe, it was the royal king/queen who made and dispensed land ownership to certain person -- who gave to an individual an authority to configure or reconfigure a particular municipality or town. In the early 18th-century America, for instance, a man named James Oglethorpe was given a land grant wherein he created or recreated the Savannah landscape. In Oglethorpe’s design plan, the configuration is prominently four-sided. Drawn in vertical and horizontal lines that converge as square blocks, O glethorpe’s Savannah is a type of urban planning which is a characteristic of his time. It is noteworthy that Oglethorpe’s planning design is almost symmetrical to William Penn’s 1682 Philadelphia plan. Of their similarities are the street patterns, presence of the public open spaces, and grid-block designs. And of their differences are the specific location of open spaces and the particular spatial dimension of primary and secondary roadways. As it seems, the municipal and/or urban landscape visible in the Colonial America in the pre-revolution era was greatly determined or decided by an individual grantee. In the process, he possessed the capacity or legitimacy to shape or form the place according to his taste and liking. In the Revolution era, on the other hand, the town/urban planners shifted from the grantee to a specific group orientation -- particularly the commercial elite. The monarchy or its representation in the former Colonial America essentially los t its power to grant or award a piece of land to a single person. In this historical period, individualism or commercialism dominated over the system of monarchy or hierarchy. In general, the municipal power or political grip was greatly overridden by the â€Å"enormous growth pressures.† With the American Revolution also came the emergence of the industrial revolution in America. As a consequence, business and commerce seemed to rule in the newly born land of the free -- which included the free trade. It is noteworthy that the role of the state or political institution marked in the United States in the early period of the Revolution era was apparently undefined, if not ambiguous, in relation to the urban planning. That is to say, the U.S. Government, in its early establishment and institutionalization, significantly lacks the authority or arguably the will to control the spatial/physical configuration of the American landscape, seascape, and air-scape. Perhaps the absence o f political control or authority in the design and plan of the communities -- in the artistic or architectural strand -- was due largely to the fundamental principles held dearly by the American revolutionists: individualism or liberal politics. Indeed, liberalism became the popular philosophical system in the revolutionary America. Thence, the group of elite -- those who are well-off in the American society -- was able to secure the power or control over land and land

Critical Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical - Literature review Example The way to behave was more readily mapped, and people knew what to do in the various phases of their lives from childhood through teenage years, work, marriage, parenthood, retirement and preparing for death of loved ones and of one’s own self. The modern industrialised, capitalist world, he argues, is fluid and contains many more uncharted areas and this requires that our self-identity should form a trajectory, requiring that we make day to day adjustments depending on what happens in our lives. (Giddens: 1991, p. 14). Incessant streams of new information result in a process of what Giddens calls â€Å"chronic revision† (Giddens: 1991, p. 20) and the complexity of modern capitalist society requires people to place their trust in increasingly opaque systems and organisations, many of which are subject to quite spectacular failures and radical transformations. Crossley partly agrees with this analysis and adds the observation that modern societies consist of overlapping networks, and that embodiment is reflexive, and imposed upon individials from many souces (Crossley: 2006, p. 112) Giddens describes the way that all human beings put on â€Å"performances† of their self in different social situations. ... 57. Bourdieu’s influential work on human judgement and taste proposes that all human culture is structured in a hierarchical way and that people access this culture through the family that they are born in and then via all the opportunities that they meet in later life (Bourdieu: 1984, pp. 1-5) This theory implies a structuralist view whereby social patterns tend to repeat themselves again and again through the generations. Bourdieu uses the concept of habitus, which is the partly unconscious way in which people deal with the society around them. (Bourdieu: 1984, pp. 169-174) He argues that people learn how to see the world, and consume all it has to offer, in their early childhood, and that they are conditioned by their family background to approach things in certain habitual ways: â€Å"The manner in which culture is acquired lives on in the manner of using it.†(Bourdieu: 1984, p. 1) The foods people eat, the clothes that they wear, the music and films they like, the values they place on educational achievement and all the other products of the modern world are therefore embodied in each person in stratified ways, and this explains the differences between social classes and the tendency for people to remain within their original social class. When this insight is applied to inborn qualities like race and gender it also helps to explain why people from ethnic minorities, women and people from lower social classes still suffer exclusion and unequal access to promotions in work even when educational barriers have been removed. Bourdieu’s point is that how people learn things is just as important, as what they learn because this